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prayer beads
Prayer beads are used by members of various religious traditions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Catholicism, Islam, Sikhism and the Bahá'í Faith to mark the repetitions of prayers, chants or devotions, such as the rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Catholicism, and dhikr (remembrance of God) in Islam.
==Origins and etymology==
Beads are among the earliest human ornaments and ostrich shell beads in Africa date to 10,000 BC.〔''Beads and bead makers: gender, material culture, and meaning'' by Lidia D. Sciama, Joanne Bubolz Eicher 19988 ISBN 1-85973-995-4 page 1〕 Over the centuries various cultures have made beads from a variety of materials from stone and shells to clay.〔
The English word bead derives from the Old English noun ''bede'' which means a prayer.〔''The concise dictionary of English etymology'' by Walter W. Skeat 1988 ISBN 1-85326-311-7 page 38〕〔〔''Beads and bead makers: gender, material culture, and meaning'' by Lidia D. Sciama, Joanne Bubolz Eicher 19988 ISBN 1-85973-995-4 page 76〕〔''Your Faith, Your Life: An Invitation to the Episcopal Church'' by Jenifer Gamber, Bill Lewellis 2009 ISBN 0-8192-2321-2 pages 134-136〕 The exact origins of prayer beads remain uncertain, but their earliest use probably traces to Hindu prayers in India.〔〔''Bead One, Pray Too'' by Kimberly Winston 2008 ISBN 0-8192-2276-3 pages 4-10〕〔''Linking Your Beads: The Rosary's History, Mysteries, and Prayers'' by Patricia Ann Kasten 2011 ISBN 1-59276-929-2 OSV Publishers pages 11-13〕 Buddhism probably borrowed the concept from Hinduism.〔〔 The statue of a holy Hindu man with beads dates to the 3rd century BC.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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